6th part  html. Basic knowledge

There are 2⁷ = 128 printable characters which can be represented by different 7-BIT ASCII codes. Another set of characters are not for HTML representation but they are devised to control hardware.

Following tables list down all the 7-BIT ASCII codes and their equivalent HTML Entity Codes.

If you want to see equivalent HEX, OCT and extended set of ASCII codes then check next chapter.

7-BIT Printable ASCII Characters

ASCII Characters	Description	HTML Entity Codes
	space	 
!	exclamation mark	!
"	quotation mark	"
#	number sign	#
$	dollar sign	$
%	percent sign	%
&	ampersand	&
'	apostrophe	'
(	left parenthesis	(
)	right parenthesis	)
*	asterisk	*
+	plus sign	+
,	comma	,
-	hyphen	-
.	period	.
/	slash	/
0	digit 0	0
1	digit 1	1
2	digit 2	2
3	digit 3	3
4	digit 4	4
5	digit 5	5
6	digit 6	6
7	digit 7	7
8	digit 8	8
9	digit 9	9
:	colon	:
;	semicolon	&#59;
<	less-than	&#60;
=	equals-to	&#61;
>	greater-than	&#62;
?	question mark	&#63;
@	at sign	&#64;
A	uppercase A	&#65;
B	uppercase B	&#66;
C	uppercase C	&#67;
D	uppercase D	&#68;
E	uppercase E	&#69;
F	uppercase F	&#70;
G	uppercase G	&#71;
H	uppercase H	&#72;
I	uppercase I	&#73;
J	uppercase J	&#74;
K	uppercase K	&#75;
L	uppercase L	&#76;
M	uppercase M	&#77;
N	uppercase N	&#78;
O	uppercase O	&#79;
P	uppercase P	&#80;
Q	uppercase Q	&#81;
R	uppercase R	&#82;
S	uppercase S	&#83;
T	uppercase T	&#84;
U	uppercase U	&#85;
V	uppercase V	&#86;
W	uppercase W	&#87;
X	uppercase X	&#88;
Y	uppercase Y	&#89;
Z	uppercase Z	&#90;
[	left square bracket	&#91;
\	backslash	&#92;
]	right square bracket	&#93;
^	caret	&#94;
_	underscore	&#95;
`	grave accent	&#96;
a	lowercase a	&#97;
b	lowercase b	&#98;
c	lowercase c	&#99;
d	lowercase d	&#100;
e	lowercase e	&#101;
f	lowercase f	&#102;
g	lowercase g	&#103;
h	lowercase h	&#104;
i	lowercase i	&#105;
j	lowercase j	&#106;
k	lowercase k	&#107;
l	lowercase l	&#108;
m	lowercase m	&#109;
n	lowercase n	&#110;
o	lowercase o	&#111;
p	lowercase p	&#112;
q	lowercase q	&#113;
r	lowercase r	&#114;
s	lowercase s	&#115;
t	lowercase t	&#116;
u	lowercase u	&#117;
v	lowercase v	&#118;
w	lowercase w	&#119;
x	lowercase x	&#120;
y	lowercase y	&#121;
z	lowercase z	&#122;
{	left curly brace	&#123;
|	vertical bar	&#124;
}	right curly brace	&#125;
~	tilde	&#126;

7-BIT ASCII Device Control Characters

ASCII Characters	Description	HTML Entity Codes
NUL	null character	�
SOH	start of header	
STX	start of text	
ETX	end of text	
EOT	end of transmission	
ENQ	enquiry	
ACK	acknowledge	
BEL	bell (ring)	
BS	backspace	
HT	horizontal tab		
LF	line feed	

VT	vertical tab	
FF	form feed	
CR	carriage return	
SO	shift out	
SI	shift in	
DLE	data link escape	
DC1	device control 1	
DC2	device control 2	
DC3	device control 3	
DC4	device control 4	
NAK	negative acknowledge	
SYN	synchronize	
ETB	end transmission block	
CAN	cancel	
EM	end of medium	
SUB	substitute	
ESC	escape	
FS	file separator	
GS	group separator	
RS	record separator	
US	unit separator	
DEL	delete (rubout)	&#127

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. There are 128 standard ASCII codes, each of which can be represented by a 7-digit binary number: 0000000 through 1111111.

Extended ASCII adds an additional 128 characters that vary between computers, programs and fonts.

7 Bit ASCII Codes

DEC	OCT	HEX	BIN	Symbol	HTML Code	Description
0	000	00	00000000	NUL	�	Null char
1	001	01	00000001	SOH		Start of Heading
2	002	02	00000010	STX		Start of Text
3	003	03	00000011	ETX		End of Text
4	004	04	00000100	EOT		End of Transmission
5	005	05	00000101	ENQ		Enquiry
6	006	06	00000110	ACK		Acknowledgment
7	007	07	00000111	BEL		Bell
8	010	08	00001000	BS		Back Space
9	011	09	00001001	HT			Horizontal Tab
10	012	0A	00001010	LF	
	Line Feed
11	013	0B	00001011	VT		Vertical Tab
12	014	0C	00001100	FF		Form Feed
13	015	0D	00001101	CR	
	Carriage Return
14	016	0E	00001110	SO		Shift Out / X-On
15	017	0F	00001111	SI		Shift In / X-Off
16	020	10	00010000	DLE		Data Line Escape
17	021	11	00010001	DC1		Device Control 1 (oft. XON)
18	022	12	00010010	DC2		Device Control 2
19	023	13	00010011	DC3		Device Control 3 (oft. XOFF)
20	024	14	00010100	DC4		Device Control 4
21	025	15	00010101	NAK		Negative Acknowledgement
22	026	16	00010110	SYN		Synchronous Idle
23	027	17	00010111	ETB		End of Transmit Block
24	030	18	00011000	CAN		Cancel
25	031	19	00011001	EM		End of Medium
26	032	1A	00011010	SUB		Substitute
27	033	1B	00011011	ESC		Escape
28	034	1C	00011100	FS		File Separator
29	035	1D	00011101	GS		Group Separator
30	036	1E	00011110	RS		Record Separator
31	037	1F	00011111	US		Unit Separator
32	040	20	00100000		 	Space
33	041	21	00100001	!	!	Exclamation mark
34	042	22	00100010	"	"	Double quotes
35	043	23	00100011	#	#	Number
36	044	24	00100100	$	$	Dollar
37	045	25	00100101	%	%	Procenttecken
38	046	26	00100110	&	&	Ampersand
39	047	27	00100111	'	'	Single quote
40	050	28	00101000	(	(	Open parenthesis
41	051	29	00101001	)	)	Close parenthesis
42	052	2A	00101010	*	*	Asterisk
43	053	2B	00101011	+	+	Plus
44	054	2C	00101100	,	,	Comma
45	055	2D	00101101	-	-	Hyphen
46	056	2E	00101110	.	.	Period, dot or full stop
47	057	2F	00101111	/	/	Slash or divide
48	060	30	00110000	0	0	Zero
49	061	31	00110001	1	1	One
50	062	32	00110010	2	2	Two
51	063	33	00110011	3	3	Three
52	064	34	00110100	4	4	Four
53	065	35	00110101	5	5	Five
54	066	36	00110110	6	6	Six
55	067	37	00110111	7	7	Seven
56	070	38	00111000	8	8	Eight
57	071	39	00111001	9	9	Nine
58	072	3A	00111010	:	:	Colon
59	073	3B	00111011	;	&#59;	Semicolon
60	074	3C	00111100	<	&#60;	Less than
61	075	3D	00111101	=	&#61;	Equals
62	076	3E	00111110	>	&#62;	Greater than
63	077	3F	00111111	?	&#63;	Question mark
64	100	40	01000000	@	&#64;	At symbol
65	101	41	01000001	A	&#65;	Uppercase A
66	102	42	01000010	B	&#66;	Uppercase B
67	103	43	01000011	C	&#67;	Uppercase C
68	104	44	01000100	D	&#68;	Uppercase D
69	105	45	01000101	E	&#69;	Uppercase E
70	106	46	01000110	F	&#70;	Uppercase F
71	107	47	01000111	G	&#71;	Uppercase G
72	110	48	01001000	H	&#72;	Uppercase H
73	111	49	01001001	I	&#73;	Uppercase I
74	112	4A	01001010	J	&#74;	Uppercase J
75	113	4B	01001011	K	&#75;	Uppercase K
76	114	4C	01001100	L	&#76;	Uppercase L
77	115	4D	01001101	M	&#77;	Uppercase M
78	116	4E	01001110	N	&#78;	Uppercase N
79	117	4F	01001111	O	&#79;	Uppercase O
80	120	50	01010000	P	&#80;	Uppercase P
81	121	51	01010001	Q	&#81;	Uppercase Q
82	122	52	01010010	R	&#82;	Uppercase R
83	123	53	01010011	S	&#83;	Uppercase S
84	124	54	01010100	T	&#84;	Uppercase T
85	125	55	01010101	U	&#85;	Uppercase U
86	126	56	01010110	V	&#86;	Uppercase V
87	127	57	01010111	W	&#87;	Uppercase W
88	130	58	01011000	X	&#88;	Uppercase X
89	131	59	01011001	Y	&#89;	Uppercase Y
90	132	5A	01011010	Z	&#90;	Uppercase Z
91	133	5B	01011011	[	&#91;	Opening bracket
92	134	5C	01011100	\	&#92;	Backslash
93	135	5D	01011101	]	&#93;	Closing bracket
94	136	5E	01011110	^	&#94;	Caret - circumflex
95	137	5F	01011111	_	&#95;	Underscore
96	140	60	01100000	`	&#96;	Grave accent
97	141	61	01100001	a	&#97;	Lowercase a
98	142	62	01100010	b	&#98;	Lowercase b
99	143	63	01100011	c	&#99;	Lowercase c
100	144	64	01100100	d	&#100;	Lowercase d
101	145	65	01100101	e	&#101;	Lowercase e
102	146	66	01100110	f	&#102;	Lowercase f
103	147	67	01100111	g	&#103;	Lowercase g
104	150	68	01101000	h	&#104;	Lowercase h
105	151	69	01101001	i	&#105;	Lowercase i
106	152	6A	01101010	j	&#106;	Lowercase j
107	153	6B	01101011	k	&#107;	Lowercase k
108	154	6C	01101100	l	&#108;	Lowercase l
109	155	6D	01101101	m	&#109;	Lowercase m
110	156	6E	01101110	n	&#110;	Lowercase n
111	157	6F	01101111	o	&#111;	Lowercase o
112	160	70	01110000	p	&#112;	Lowercase p
113	161	71	01110001	q	&#113;	Lowercase q
114	162	72	01110010	r	&#114;	Lowercase r
115	163	73	01110011	s	&#115;	Lowercase s
116	164	74	01110100	t	&#116;	Lowercase t
117	165	75	01110101	u	&#117;	Lowercase u
118	166	76	01110110	v	&#118;	Lowercase v
119	167	77	01110111	w	&#119;	Lowercase w
120	170	78	01111000	x	&#120;	Lowercase x
121	171	79	01111001	y	&#121;	Lowercase y
122	172	7A	01111010	z	&#122;	Lowercase z
123	173	7B	01111011	{	&#123;	Opening brace
124	174	7C	01111100	|	&#124;	Vertical bar
125	175	7D	01111101	}	&#125;	Closing brace
126	176	7E	01111110	~	&#126;	Equivalency sign (tilde)
127	177	7F	01111111		&#127;	Delete

Extended ASCII Codes

Below is set of additional 128 Extended ASCII Codes according to ISO 8859-1, also called ISO Latin-1.

DEC	OCT	HEX	BIN	Symbol	HTMLCode	Description
128	200	80	10000000	€	€	Euro sign
129	201	81	10000001
130	202	82	10000010	‚	‚	Single low-9 quotation mark
131	203	83	10000011	ƒ	ƒ	Latin small letter f with hook
132	204	84	10000100	„	„	Double low-9 quotation mark
133	205	85	10000101	…	…	Horizontal ellipsis
134	206	86	10000110	†	†	Dagger
135	207	87	10000111	‡	‡	Double dagger
136	210	88	10001000	ˆ	ˆ	Modifier letter circumflex accent
137	211	89	10001001	‰	‰	Per mille sign
138	212	8A	10001010	Š	Š	Latin capital letter S with caron
139	213	8B	10001011	‹	‹	Single left-pointing angle quotation
140	214	8C	10001100	Œ	Œ	Latin capital ligature OE
141	215	8D	10001101
142	216	8E	10001110	Ž	Ž	Latin capital letter Z with caron
143	217	8F	10001111
144	220	90	10010000
145	221	91	10010001	‘	‘	Left single quotation mark
146	222	92	10010010	’	’	Right single quotation mark
147	223	93	10010011	“	“	Left double quotation mark
148	224	94	10010100	”	”	Right double quotation mark
149	225	95	10010101	•	•	Bullet
150	226	96	10010110	–	–	En dash
151	227	97	10010111	—	—	Em dash
152	230	98	10011000	˜	˜	Small tilde
153	231	99	10011001	™	™	Trade mark sign
154	232	9A	10011010	š	š	Latin small letter S with caron
155	233	9B	10011011	›	›	Single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156	234	9C	10011100	œ	œ	Latin small ligature oe
157	235	9D	10011101
158	236	9E	10011110	ž	ž	Latin small letter z with caron
159	237	9F	10011111	Ÿ	Ÿ	Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
160	240	A0	10100000		 	Non-breaking space
161	241	A1	10100001	¡	¡	Inverted exclamation mark
162	242	A2	10100010	¢	¢	Cent sign
163	243	A3	10100011	£	£	Pound sign
164	244	A4	10100100	¤	¤	Currency sign
165	245	A5	10100101	¥	¥	Yen sign
166	246	A6	10100110	¦	¦	Pipe, Broken vertical bar
167	247	A7	10100111	§	§	Section sign
168	250	A8	10101000	¨	¨	Spacing diaeresis - umlaut
169	251	A9	10101001	©	©	Copyright sign
170	252	AA	10101010	ª	ª	Feminine ordinal indicator
171	253	AB	10101011	«	«	Left double angle quotes
172	254	AC	10101100	¬	¬	Not sign
173	255	AD	10101101		­	Soft hyphen
174	256	AE	10101110	®	®	Registered trade mark sign
175	257	AF	10101111	¯	¯	Spacing macron - overline
176	260	B0	10110000	°	°	Degree sign
177	261	B1	10110001	±	±	Plus-or-minus sign
178	262	B2	10110010	²	²	Superscript two - squared
179	263	B3	10110011	³	³	Superscript three - cubed
180	264	B4	10110100	´	´	Acute accent - spacing acute
181	265	B5	10110101	µ	µ	Micro sign
182	266	B6	10110110	¶	¶	Pilcrow sign - paragraph sign
183	267	B7	10110111	·	·	Middle dot - Georgian comma
184	270	B8	10111000	¸	¸	Spacing cedilla
185	271	B9	10111001	¹	¹	Superscript one
186	272	BA	10111010	º	º	Masculine ordinal indicator
187	273	BB	10111011	»	»	Right double angle quotes
188	274	BC	10111100	¼	¼	Fraction one quarter
189	275	BD	10111101	½	½	Fraction one half
190	276	BE	10111110	¾	¾	Fraction three quarters
191	277	BF	10111111	¿	¿	Inverted question mark
192	300	C0	11000000	À	À	Latin capital letter A with grave
193	301	C1	11000001	Á	Á	Latin capital letter A with acute
194	302	C2	11000010	Â	Â	Latin capital letter A with circumflex
195	303	C3	11000011	Ã	Ã	Latin capital letter A with tilde
196	304	C4	11000100	Ä	Ä	Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
197	305	C5	11000101	Å	Å	Latin capital letter A with ring above
198	306	C6	11000110	Æ	Æ	Latin capital letter AE
199	307	C7	11000111	Ç	Ç	Latin capital letter C with cedilla
200	310	C8	11001000	È	È	Latin capital letter E with grave
201	311	C9	11001001	É	É	Latin capital letter E with acute
202	312	CA	11001010	Ê	Ê	Latin capital letter E with circumflex
203	313	CB	11001011	Ë	Ë	Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
204	314	CC	11001100	Ì	Ì	Latin capital letter I with grave
205	315	CD	11001101	Í	Í	Latin capital letter I with acute
206	316	CE	11001110	Î	Î	Latin capital letter I with circumflex
207	317	CF	11001111	Ï	Ï	Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
208	320	D0	11010000	Ð	Ð	Latin capital letter ETH
209	321	D1	11010001	Ñ	Ñ	Latin capital letter N with tilde
210	322	D2	11010010	Ò	Ò	Latin capital letter O with grave
211	323	D3	11010011	Ó	Ó	Latin capital letter O with acute
212	324	D4	11010100	Ô	Ô	Latin capital letter O with circumflex
213	325	D5	11010101	Õ	Õ	Latin capital letter O with tilde
214	326	D6	11010110	Ö	Ö	Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
215	327	D7	11010111	×	×	Multiplication sign
216	330	D8	11011000	Ø	Ø	Latin capital letter O with slash
217	331	D9	11011001	Ù	Ù	Latin capital letter U with grave
218	332	DA	11011010	Ú	Ú	Latin capital letter U with acute
219	333	DB	11011011	Û	Û	Latin capital letter U with circumflex
220	334	DC	11011100	Ü	Ü	Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
221	335	DD	11011101	Ý	Ý	Latin capital letter Y with acute
222	336	DE	11011110	Þ	Þ	Latin capital letter THORN
223	337	DF	11011111	ß	ß	Latin small letter sharp s - ess-zed
224	340	E0	11100000	à	à	Latin small letter a with grave
225	341	E1	11100001	á	á	Latin small letter a with acute
226	342	E2	11100010	â	â	Latin small letter a with circumflex
227	343	E3	11100011	ã	ã	Latin small letter a with tilde
228	344	E4	11100100	ä	ä	Latin small letter a with diaeresis
229	345	E5	11100101	å	å	Latin small letter a with ring above
230	346	E6	11100110	æ	æ	Latin small letter ae
231	347	E7	11100111	ç	ç	Latin small letter c with cedilla
232	350	E8	11101000	è	è	Latin small letter e with grave
233	351	E9	11101001	é	é	Latin small letter e with acute
234	352	EA	11101010	ê	ê	Latin small letter e with circumflex
235	353	EB	11101011	ë	ë	Latin small letter e with diaeresis
236	354	EC	11101100	ì	ì	Latin small letter i with grave
237	355	ED	11101101	í	í	Latin small letter i with acute
238	356	EE	11101110	î	î	Latin small letter i with circumflex
239	357	EF	11101111	ï	ï	Latin small letter i with diaeresis
240	360	F0	11110000	ð	ð	Latin small letter eth
241	361	F1	11110001	ñ	ñ	Latin small letter n with tilde
242	362	F2	11110010	ò	ò	Latin small letter o with grave
243	363	F3	11110011	ó	ó	Latin small letter o with acute
244	364	F4	11110100	ô	ô	Latin small letter o with circumflex
245	365	F5	11110101	õ	õ	Latin small letter o with tilde
246	366	F6	11110110	ö	ö	Latin small letter o with diaeresis
247	367	F7	11110111	÷	÷	Division sign
248	370	F8	11111000	ø	ø	Latin small letter o with slash
249	371	F9	11111001	ù	ù	Latin small letter u with grave
250	372	FA	11111010	ú	ú	Latin small letter u with acute
251	373	FB	11111011	û	û	Latin small letter u with circumflex
252	374	FC	11111100	ü	ü	Latin small letter u with diaeresis
253	375	FD	11111101	ý	ý	Latin small letter y with acute
254	376	FE	11111110	þ	þ	Latin small letter thorn
255	377	FF	11111111	ÿ	ÿ

The following table shows the 16 color names that were introduced in HTML 3.2 −

Color Name	Hex Value	Color	Show
aqua	#00ffff		Demo
black	#000000		Demo
blue	#0000ff		Demo
fuchsia	#ff00ff		Demo
green	#008000		Demo
gray	#808080		Demo
lime	#00ff00		Demo
maroon	#800000		Demo
navy	#000080		Demo
olive	#808000		Demo
purple	#800080		Demo
red	#ff0000		Demo
silver	#c0c0c0		Demo
teal	#008080		Demo
white	#ffffff		Demo
yellow	#ffff00		Demo

There are other colors which are not part of HTML or XHTML but they are supported by most of the versions of major browsers.

Color Name	Hex Value	Color	Show
aliceblue	#f0f8ff		Demo
antiquewhite	#faebd7		Demo
aquamarine	#7fffd4		Demo
azure	#f0ffff		Demo
beige	#f5f5dc		Demo
bisque	#ffe4c4		Demo
blanchedalmond	#ffebcd		Demo
blueviolet	#8a2be2		Demo
brown	#a52a2a		Demo
burlywood	#deb887		Demo
cadetblue	#5f9ea0		Demo
chartreuse	#7fff00		Demo
chocolate	#d2691e		Demo
coral	#ff7f50		Demo
cornflowerblue	#6495ed		Demo
cornsilk	#fff8dc		Demo
crimson	#dc143c		Demo
cyan	#00ffff		Demo
darkblue	#00008b		Demo
darkcyan	#008b8b		Demo
darkgoldenrod	#b8860b		Demo
darkgray	#a9a9a9		Demo
darkgreen	#006400		Demo
darkkhaki	#bdb76b		Demo
darkmagenta	#8b008b		Demo
darkolivegreen	#556b2f		Demo
darkorange	#ff8c00		Demo
darkorchid	#9932cc		Demo
darkred	#8b0000		Demo
darksalmon	#e9967a		Demo
darkseagreen	#8fbc8f		Demo
darkslateblue	#483d8b		Demo
darkslategray	#2f4f4f		Demo
darkturquoise	#00ced1		Demo
darkviolet	#9400d3		Demo
deeppink	#ff1493		Demo
deepskyblue	#00bfff		Demo
dimgray	#696969		Demo
dodgerblue	#1e90ff		Demo
firebrick	#b22222		Demo
floralwhite	#fffaf0		Demo
forestgreen	#228b22		Demo
gainsboro	#dcdcdc		Demo
ghostwhite	#f8f8ff		Demo
gold	#ffd700		Demo
goldenrod	#daa520		Demo
gray	#808080		Demo
greenyellow	#adff2f		Demo
honeydew	#f0fff0		Demo
hotpink	#ff69b4		Demo
indianred	#cd5c5c		Demo
indigo	#4b0082		Demo
ivory	#fffff0		Demo
khaki	#f0e68c		Demo
lavender	#e6e6fa		Demo
lavenderblush	#fff0f5		Demo
lawngreen	#7cfc00		Demo
lemonchiffon	#fffacd		Demo
lightblue	#add8e6		Demo
lightcoral	#f08080		Demo
lightcyan	#e0ffff		Demo
lightgoldenrodyellow	#fafad2		Demo
lightgreen	#90ee90		Demo
lightgrey	#d3d3d3		Demo
lightpink	#ffb6c1		Demo
lightsalmon	#ffa07a		Demo
lightseagreen	#20b2aa		Demo
lightskyblue	#87cefa		Demo
lightslategray	#778899		Demo
lightsteelblue	#b0c4de		Demo
lightyellow	#ffffe0		Demo
limegreen	#32cd32		Demo
linen	#faf0e6		Demo
magenta	#ff00ff		Demo
mediumblue	#0000cd		Demo
mediumorchid	#ba55d3		Demo
mediumpurple	#9370db		Demo
midnightblue	#191970		Demo
mistyrose	#ffe4e1		Demo
moccasin	#ffe4b5		Demo
oldlace	#fdf5e6		Demo
orange	#ffa500		Demo
orchid	#da70d6		Demo
peachpuff	#ffdab9		Demo
peru	#cd853f		Demo
pink	#ffc0cb		Demo
plum	#dda0dd		Demo
purple	#800080		Demo
rosybrown	#bc8f8f		Demo
royalblue	#4169e1		Demo
salmon	#fa8072		Demo
sandybrown	#f4a460		Demo
seagreen	#2e8b57		Demo
sienna	#a0522d		Demo
skyblue	#87ceeb		Demo
slateblue	#6a5acd		Demo
steelblue	#4682b4		Demo
tan	#d2b48c		Demo
thistle	#d8bfd8		Demo
tomato	#ff6347		Demo
violet	#ee82ee		Demo
wheat	#f5deb3		Demo
whitesmoke	#f5f5f5		Demo
yellow	#ffff00		Demo
yellowgreen	#9acd32		Demo

HTML Entities

Some characters are reserved in HTML and they have special meaning when used in HTML document. For example, you cannot use the greater than and less than signs or angle brackets within your HTML text because the browser will treat them differently and will try to draw a meaning related to HTML tag.

HTML processors must support following five special characters listed in the table that follows.

Symbol	Description	Entity Name	Number Code
"	quotation mark	"	"
'	apostrophe	'	'
&	ampersand	&	&
<	less-than	&lt;	&#60;
>	greater-than	&gt;	&#62;

Example

If you want to write <div id = "character"> as a code, then you will have to write as follows −

 Live Demo

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

   <head>
      <title>HTML Entities</title>
   </head>

   <body>
      &lt;div id = &quot;character&quot;&gt;
   </body>

</html>

This will produce the following result −

There is also a long list of special characters in HTML 4.0. In order for these to appear in your document, you can use either the numerical codes or the entity names. For example, to insert a copyright symbol you can use either of the following −

© 2007
or
© 2007

ISO 8859-1 Symbol Entities

Result	Description	Entity Name	Number Code
	non-breaking space	 	 
¡	inverted exclamation mark	¡	¡
¤	currency	¤	¤
¢	cent	¢	¢
£	pound	£	£
¥	yen	¥	¥
¦	broken vertical bar	¦	¦
§	section	§	§
¨	spacing diaeresis	¨	¨
©	copyright	©	©
ª	feminine ordinal indicator	ª	ª
«	angle quotation mark (left)	«	«
¬	negation	¬	¬
	soft hyphen	­	­
®	registered trademark	®	®
™	trademark	™	™
¯	spacing macron	¯	¯
°	degree	°	°
±	plus-or-minus	±	±
²	superscript 2	²	²
³	superscript 3	³	³
´	spacing acute	´	´
µ	micro	µ	µ
¶	paragraph	¶	¶
·	middle dot	·	·
¸	spacing cedilla	¸	¸
¹	superscript 1	¹	¹
º	masculine ordinal indicator	º	º
»	angle quotation mark (right)	»	»
¼	fraction 1/4	¼	¼
½	fraction 1/2	½	½
¾	fraction 3/4	¾	¾
¿	inverted question mark	¿	¿
×	multiplication	×	×
÷	division	÷	÷

ISO 8859-1 Character Entities

Result	Description	Entity Name	Number Code
À	capital a, grave accent	À	À
Á	capital a, acute accent	Á	Á
Â	capital a, circumflex accent	Â	Â
Ã	capital a, tilde	Ã	Ã
Ä	capital a, umlaut mark	Ä	Ä
Å	capital a, ring	Å	Å
Æ	capital ae	Æ	Æ
Ç	capital c, cedilla	Ç	Ç
È	capital e, grave accent	È	È
É	capital e, acute accent	É	É
Ê	capital e, circumflex accent	Ê	Ê
Ë	capital e, umlaut mark	Ë	Ë
Ì	capital i, grave accent	Ì	Ì
Í	capital i, acute accent	Í	Í
Î	capital i, circumflex accent	Î	Î
Ï	capital i, umlaut mark	Ï	Ï
Ð	capital eth, Icelandic	Ð	Ð
Ñ	capital n, tilde	Ñ	Ñ
Ò	capital o, grave accent	Ò	Ò
Ó	capital o, acute accent	Ó	Ó
Ô	capital o, circumflex accent	Ô	Ô
Õ	capital o, tilde	Õ	Õ
Ö	capital o, umlaut mark	Ö	Ö
Ø	capital o, slash	Ø	Ø
Ù	capital u, grave accent	Ù	Ù
Ú	capital u, acute accent	Ú	Ú
Û	capital u, circumflex accent	Û	Û
Ü	capital u, umlaut mark	Ü	Ü
Ý	capital y, acute accent	Ý	Ý
Þ	capital THORN, Icelandic	Þ	Þ
ß	small sharp s, German	ß	ß
à	small a, grave accent	à	à
á	small a, acute accent	á	á
â	small a, circumflex accent	â	â
ã	small a, tilde	ã	ã
ä	small a, umlaut mark	ä	ä
å	small a, ring	å	å
æ	small ae	æ	æ
ç	small c, cedilla	ç	ç
è	small e, grave accent	è	è
é	small e, acute accent	é	é
ê	small e, circumflex accent	ê	ê
ë	small e, umlaut mark	ë	ë
ì	small i, grave accent	ì	ì
í	small i, acute accent	í	í
î	small i, circumflex accent	î	î
ï	small i, umlaut mark	ï	ï
ð	small eth, Icelandic	ð	ð
ñ	small n, tilde	ñ	ñ
ò	small o, grave accent	ò	ò
ó	small o, acute accent	ó	ó
ô	small o, circumflex accent	ô	ô
õ	small o, tilde	õ	õ
ö	small o, umlaut mark	ö	ö
ø	small o, slash	ø	ø
ù	small u, grave accent	ù	ù
ú	small u, acute accent	ú	ú
û	small u, circumflex accent	û	û
ü	small u, umlaut mark	ü	ü
ý	small y, acute accent	ý	ý
þ	small thorn, Icelandic	þ	þ
ÿ	small y, umlaut mark	ÿ	ÿ

Other Entities Supported by HTML Browsers

Result	Description	Entity Name	Number Code
Œ	capital ligature OE	Œ	Œ
œ	small ligature oe	œ	œ
Š	capital S with caron	Š	Š
š	small S with caron	š	š
Ÿ	capital Y with diaeres	Ÿ	Ÿ
ˆ	modifier letter circumflex accent	ˆ	ˆ
˜	small tilde	˜	˜
	en space	 	 
	em space	 	 
	thin space	 	 
‌	zero width non-joiner	‌	‌
‍	zero width joiner	‍	‍
‎	left-to-right mark	‎	‎
‏	right-to-left mark	‏	‏
–	en dash	–	–
—	em dash	—	—
‘	left single quotation mark	‘	‘
’	right single quotation mark	’	’
‚	single low-9 quotation mark	‚	‚
“	left double quotation mark	“	“
”	right double quotation mark	”	”
„	double low-9 quotation mark	„	„
†	dagger	†	†
‡	double dagger	‡	‡
…	horizontal ellipsis	…	…
‰	per mille	‰	‰
‹	single left-pointing angle quotation	‹	‹
›	single right-pointing angle quotation	›	›
€	euro	€	€

Some characters are reserved in HTML and they have special meaning when used in HTML document. For example, you cannot use the greater than and less than signs or angle brackets within your HTML text because the browser will treat them differently and will try to draw a meaning related to HTML tag.

HTML processors must support following five special characters listed in the table that follows.

Symbol	Description	Entity Name	Number Code
"	quotation mark	"	"
'	apostrophe	'	'
&	ampersand	&	&
<	less-than	&lt;	&#60;
>	greater-than	&gt;	&#62;

Example

If you want to write <div id = "character"> as a code then you will have to write as follows −

 Live Demo

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

   <head>
      <title>HTML Entities</title>
   </head>

   <body>
      &lt;div id = &quot;character&quot;&gt;
   </body>

</html>

This will produce the following result −

There is also a long list of special characters in HTML 4.0. In order for these to appear in your document, you can use either the numerical codes or the entity names. For example, to insert a copyright symbol you can use either of the following −

© 2007
or
© 2007

ISO 8859-1 Symbol Entities

Result	Description	Entity Name	Number Code
	non-breaking space	 	 
¡	inverted exclamation mark	¡	¡
¤	currency	¤	¤
¢	cent	¢	¢
£	pound	£	£
¥	yen	¥	¥
¦	broken vertical bar	¦	¦
§	section	§	§
¨	spacing diaeresis	¨	¨
©	copyright	©	©
ª	feminine ordinal indicator	ª	ª
«	angle quotation mark (left)	«	«
¬	negation	¬	¬
	soft hyphen	­	­
®	registered trademark	®	®
™	trademark	™	™
¯	spacing macron	¯	¯
°	degree	°	°
±	plus-or-minus	±	±
²	superscript 2	²	²
³	superscript 3	³	³
´	spacing acute	´	´
µ	micro	µ	µ
¶	paragraph	¶	¶
·	middle dot	·	·
¸	spacing cedilla	¸	¸
¹	superscript 1	¹	¹
º	masculine ordinal indicator	º	º
»	angle quotation mark (right)	»	»
¼	fraction 1/4	¼	¼
½	fraction 1/2	½	½
¾	fraction 3/4	¾	¾
¿	inverted question mark	¿	¿
×	multiplication	×	×
÷	division	÷	÷

ISO 8859-1 Character Entities

Result	Description	Entity Name	Number Code
À	capital a, grave accent	À	À
Á	capital a, acute accent	Á	Á
Â	capital a, circumflex accent	Â	Â
Ã	capital a, tilde	Ã	Ã
Ä	capital a, umlaut mark	Ä	Ä
Å	capital a, ring	Å	Å
Æ	capital ae	Æ	Æ
Ç	capital c, cedilla	Ç	Ç
È	capital e, grave accent	È	È
É	capital e, acute accent	É	É
Ê	capital e, circumflex accent	Ê	Ê
Ë	capital e, umlaut mark	Ë	Ë
Ì	capital i, grave accent	Ì	Ì
Í	capital i, acute accent	Í	Í
Î	capital i, circumflex accent	Î	Î
Ï	capital i, umlaut mark	Ï	Ï
Ð	capital eth, Icelandic	Ð	Ð
Ñ	capital n, tilde	Ñ	Ñ
Ò	capital o, grave accent	Ò	Ò
Ó	capital o, acute accent	Ó	Ó
Ô	capital o, circumflex accent	Ô	Ô
Õ	capital o, tilde	Õ	Õ
Ö	capital o, umlaut mark	Ö	Ö
Ø	capital o, slash	Ø	Ø
Ù	capital u, grave accent	Ù	Ù
Ú	capital u, acute accent	Ú	Ú
Û	capital u, circumflex accent	Û	Û
Ü	capital u, umlaut mark	Ü	Ü
Ý	capital y, acute accent	Ý	Ý
Þ	capital THORN, Icelandic	Þ	Þ
ß	small sharp s, German	ß	ß
à	small a, grave accent	à	à
á	small a, acute accent	á	á
â	small a, circumflex accent	â	â
ã	small a, tilde	ã	ã
ä	small a, umlaut mark	ä	ä
å	small a, ring	å	å
æ	small ae	æ	æ
ç	small c, cedilla	ç	ç
è	small e, grave accent	è	è
é	small e, acute accent	é	é
ê	small e, circumflex accent	ê	ê
ë	small e, umlaut mark	ë	ë
ì	small i, grave accent	ì	ì
í	small i, acute accent	í	í
î	small i, circumflex accent	î	î
ï	small i, umlaut mark	ï	ï
ð	small eth, Icelandic	ð	ð
ñ	small n, tilde	ñ	ñ
ò	small o, grave accent	ò	ò
ó	small o, acute accent	ó	ó
ô	small o, circumflex accent	ô	ô
õ	small o, tilde	õ	õ
ö	small o, umlaut mark	ö	ö
ø	small o, slash	ø	ø
ù	small u, grave accent	ù	ù
ú	small u, acute accent	ú	ú
û	small u, circumflex accent	û	û
ü	small u, umlaut mark	ü	ü
ý	small y, acute accent	ý	ý
þ	small thorn, Icelandic	þ	þ
ÿ	small y, umlaut mark	ÿ	ÿ

Other Entities Supported by HTML Browsers

Result	Description	Entity Name	Number Code
Œ	capital ligature OE	Œ	Œ
œ	small ligature oe	œ	œ
Š	capital S with caron	Š	Š
š	small S with caron	š	š
Ÿ	capital Y with diaeres	Ÿ	Ÿ
ˆ	modifier letter circumflex accent	ˆ	ˆ
˜	small tilde	˜	˜
	en space	 	 
	em space	 	 
	thin space	 	 
‌	zero width non-joiner	‌	‌
‍	zero width joiner	‍	‍
‎	left-to-right mark	‎	‎
‏	right-to-left mark	‏	‏
–	en dash	–	–
—	em dash	—	—
‘	left single quotation mark	‘	‘
’	right single quotation mark	’	’
‚	single low-9 quotation mark	‚	‚
“	left double quotation mark	“	“
”	right double quotation mark	”	”
„	double low-9 quotation mark	„	„
†	dagger	†	†
‡	double dagger	‡	‡
…	horizontal ellipsis	…	…
‰	per mille	‰	‰
‹	single left-pointing angle quotation	‹	‹
›	single right-pointing angle quotation	›	›
€	euro	€	&#8364