Friday, 21 December 2018

         7th part html basic knowledge
Fonts are specific to platform. If you are using different OS then you will have different look and feel of any web page. Here we are giving a list of fonts which are available to various operating systems.
HTML <FONT> tag is deprecated in version 4.0 onwards and now all fonts are set by using CSS. Here is the simple syntax of setting font of a body of web page.
body { font-family: "new century schoolbook"; }

or

<body style = "font-family:new century schoolbook;" >

Fonts for Microsoft OS and Browsers −

FontFontFont
Andale MonoArialArial Bold
Arial ItalicArial Bold ItalicArial Black
Comic Sans MSComic Sans MS BoldCourier New
Courier New BoldCourier New ItalicCourier New Bold Italic
GeorgiaGeorgia BoldGeorgia Italic
Georgia Bold ItalicImpactLucida Console
Lucida Sans UnicodeMarlettMinion Web
SymbolTimes New RomanTimes New Roman Bold
Times New Roman ItalicTimes New Roman Bold ItalicTahoma
Trebuchet MSTrebuchet MS BoldTrebuchet MS Italic
Trebuchet MS Bold ItalicVerdanaVerdana Bold
Verdana ItalicVerdana Bold ItalicWebdings
You can have more information on Microsoft Fonts at http://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts.
You can check example fonts here − Microsoft Fonts Examples

Fonts for Macintosh Systems −

Following is the list of fonts supported by Macintosh System 7 and higher versions
FontFontFont
American TypewriterAndale MonoApple Chancery
ArialArial BlackBrush Script
BaskervilleBig CaslonComic Sans MS
CopperplateCourier NewGill Sans
FuturaHerculanumImpact
Lucida GrandeMarker FeltOptima
Trebuchet MSVerdanaWebdings
PalatinoSymbolTimes
OsakaPapyrusTimes New Roman
TextileZapf DingbatsZapfino
TechnoHoefler TextSkia
Hoefler Text OrnamentsCapitalsCharcoal
GadgetSand 
You can check example fonts here − Mac Fonts Examples

Fonts for Unix Systems −

Following is the list of fonts supported by most Unix System variants
FontFontFont
CharterCleanCourier
FixedHelveticaLucida
Lucida brightLucida TypewriterNew Century Schoolbook
SymbolTerminalTimes
Utopia 
When a user visit your website, they do things like click on text and images and given links, hover over things etc. These are examples of what JavaScript calls events.
We can write our event handlers in Javascript or vbscript and can specify these event handlers as a value of event tag attribute. The HTML 4.01 specification defines 19 event attributes as listed below −

<body> and <frameset> Level Events

There are only two attributes which can be used to trigger any javascript or vbscript code when there is any event occurs on document level.
AttributeValueDescription
onloadscriptScript runs when a HTML document loads
onunloadscriptScript runs when a HTML document unloads
NOTE − Here script refer to any VBScript or JavaScript function or piece of code.

<form> Level Events

There are following six attributes which can be used to trigger any javascript or vbscript code when there is any event occurs on form level.
AttributeValueDescription
onchangescriptScript runs when the element changes
onsubmitscriptScript runs when the form is submitted
onresetscriptScript runs when the form is reset
onselectscriptScript runs when the element is selected
onblurscriptScript runs when the element loses focus
onfocusscriptScript runs when the element gets focus

Keyboard Events

There are following three events which are generated by keyboard. These events are not valid in base, bdo, br, frame, frameset, head, html, iframe, meta, param, script, style, and title elements.
AttributeValueDescription
onkeydownscriptScript runs when key is pressed
onkeypressscriptScript runs when key is pressed and released
onkeyupscriptScript runs when key is released

Other Events

There following other 7 events which are generated by mouse when it comes in contact of any HTML tag. These events are not valid in base, bdo, br, frame, frameset, head, html, iframe, meta, param, script, style, title elements.
AttributeValueDescription
onclickscriptScript runs when a mouse click
ondblclickscriptScript runs when a mouse double-click
onmousedownscriptScript runs when mouse button is pressed
onmousemovescriptScript runs when mouse pointer moves
onmouseoutscriptScript runs when mouse pointer moves out of an element
onmouseoverscriptScript runs when mouse pointer moves over an element
onmouseupscriptScript runs when mouse button is released
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension) media types were originally devised so that e-mails could include information other than plain text. MIME media types indicate the following things −
  • How different parts of a message, such as text and attachments, are combined into the message.
  • The way in which each part of the message is specified.
  • The way different items are encoded for transmission so that even software that was designed to work only with ASCII text can process the message.
Now MIME types are not just for use with e-mail; they have been adopted by Web servers as a way to tell Web browsers what type of material was being sent to them so that they can cope with that kind of messages correctly.
MIME content types consist of two parts −
  • A main type
  • A sub-type
The main type is separated from the subtype by a forward slash character. For example, text/html for HTML.
This chapter is organized for the main types −
For example, the text main type contains types of plain text files, such as −
  • text/plain for plain text files
  • text/html for HTML files
  • text/rtf for text files using rich text formatting
MIME types are officially supposed to be assigned and listed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
Many of the popular MIME types in this list (all those begin with "x-") are not assigned by the IANA and do not have official status. You can see the list of official MIME types at http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/. Those preceded with .vnd are vendorspecific.
When specifying the MIME type of a content-type field you can also indicate the character set for the text being used. If you do not specify a character set, the default is US-ASCII. For example −
content-type:text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
URL encoding is the practice of translating unprintable characters or characters with special meaning within URLs to a representation that is unambiguous and universally accepted by web browsers and servers. These characters include −
  • ASCII control characters − Unprintable characters typically used for output control. Character ranges 00-1F hex (0-31 decimal) and 7F (127 decimal). A complete encoding table is given below.
  • Non-ASCII control characters − These are characters beyond the ASCII character set of 128 characters. This range is part of the ISO-Latin character set and includes the entire "top half" of the ISO-Latin set 80-FF hex (128-255 decimal). A complete encoding table is given below.
  • Reserved characters − These are special characters such as the dollar sign, ampersand, plus, common, forward slash, colon, semi-colon, equals sign, question mark, and "at" symbol. All of these can have different meanings inside a URL so need to be encoded. A complete encoding table is given below.
  • Unsafe characters − These are space, quotation marks, less than symbol, greater than symbol, pound character, percent character, Left Curly Brace, Right Curly Brace, Pipe, Backslash, Caret, Tilde, Left Square Bracket, Right Square Bracket, Grave Accent. These character present the possibility of being misunderstood within URLs for various reasons. These characters should also always be encoded. A complete encoding table is given below.
The encoding notation replaces the desired character with three characters: a percent sign and two hexadecimal digits that correspond to the position of the character in the ASCII character set.

Example

One of the most common special characters is a white space. You can't type a space in a URL directly. A space position in the character set is 20 hexadecimals. So you can use %20 in place of a space when passing your request to the server.
http://www.example.com/new%20pricing.htm
This URL actually retrieves a document named "new pricing.htm" from the www.example.com

ASCII Control Characters Encoding

This includes the encoding for character ranges 00-1F hex (0-31 decimal) and 7F (127 decimal)
DecimalHex ValueCharacterURL Encode
000 
101 %01
202 %02
303 %03
404 %04
505 %05
606 %06
707 %07
808backspace%08
909tab%09
100alinefeed%0a
110b %0b
120c %0c
130dcarriage return%0d
140e %0e
150f %0f
1610 %10
1711 %11
1812 %12
1913 %13
2014 %14
2115 %15
2216 %16
2317 %17
2418 %18
2519 %19
261a %1a
271b %1b
281c %1c
291d %1d
301e %1e
311f %1f
1277f %7f

Non-ASCII control characters encoding

This includes the encoding for the entire "top half" of the ISO-Latin set 80-FF hex (128255 decimal.)
DecimalHex ValueCharacterURL Encode
12880%80
12981%81
13082%82
13183ƒ%83
13284%84
13385%85
13486%86
13587%87
13688ˆ%88
13789%89
1388aŠ%8a
1398b%8b
1408cŒ%8c
1418d%8d
1428eŽ%8e
1438f%8f
14490%90
14591%91
14692%92
14793%93
14894%94
14995%95
15096%96
15197%97
15298˜%98
15399%99
1549aš%9a
1559b%9b
1569cœ%9c
1579d%9d
1589ež%9e
1599fŸ%9f
160a0 %a0
161a1¡%a1
162a2¢%a2
163a3£%a3
164a4¤%a4
165a5¥%a5
166a6¦%a6
167a7§%a7
168a8¨%a8
169a9©%a9
170aaª%aa
171ab«%ab
172ac¬%ac
173ad%ad
174ae®%ae
175af¯%af
176b0°%b0
177b1±%b1
178b2²%b2
179b3³%b3
180b4´%b4
181b5µ%b5
182b6%b6
183b7·%b7
184b8¸%b8
185b9¹%b9
186baº%ba
187bb»%bb
188bc¼%bc
189bd½%bd
190be¾%be
191bf¿%bf
192c0À%c0
193c1Á%c1
194c2Â%c2
195c3Ã%c3
196c4Ä%c4
197c5Å%c5
198c6Æ%v6
199c7Ç%c7
200c8È%c8
201c9É%c9
202caÊ%ca
203cbË%cb
204ccÌ%cc
205cdÍ%cd
206ceÎ%ce
207cfÏ%cf
208d0Ð%d0
209d1Ñ%d1
210d2Ò%d2
211d3Ó%d3
212d4Ô%d4
213d5Õ%d5
214d6Ö%d6
215d7×%d7
216d8Ø%d8
217d9Ù%d9
218daÚ%da
219dbÛ%db
220dcÜ%dc
221ddÝ%dd
222deÞ%de
223dfß%df
224e0à%e0
225e1á%e1
226e2â%e2
227e3ã%e3
228e4ä%e4
229e5å%e5
230e6æ%e6
231e7ç%e7
232e8è%e8
233e9é%e9
234eaê%ea
235ebë%eb
236ecì%ec
237edí%ed
238eeî%ee
239efï%ef
240f0ð%f0
241f1ñ%f1
242f2ò%f2
243f3ó%f3
244f4ô%f4
245f5õ%f5
246f6ö%f6
247f7÷%f7
248f8ø%f8
249f9ù%f9
250faú%fa
251fbû%fb
252fcü%fc
253fdý%fd
254feþ%fe
255ffÿ%ff

Reserved Characters Encoding

Following is the table to be used to encode reserved characters.
DecimalHex ValueCharURL Encode
3624$%24
3826&%26
432b+%2b
442c,%2c
472f/%2f
583a:%3a
593b;%3b
613d=%3d
633f?%3f
6440@%40

Unsafe Characters Encoding

Following is the table to be used to encode unsafe characters.
DecimalHex ValueCharURL Encode
3220space%20
3422"%22
603c<%3c
623e>%3e
3523#%23
3725%%25
1237b{%7b
1257d}%7d
1247c|%7c
925c\%5c
945e^%5e
1267e~%7e
915b[%5b
935d]%5d
9660`%60
The following is a draft list of language code correspondences between ISO codes, Microsoft codes, and Macintosh codes. Source of this information is Unicode Consortium.

Language Codes: ISO 639, Microsoft

LanguageISO CodeWindows NameWin Code
Abkhazianab
Afaraa
AfrikaansafLANG_AFRIKAANS0x36
AlbaniansqLANG_ALBANIAN0x1c
Amharicam(no constant defined)0x5e
ArabicarLANG_ARABIC0x01
ArmenianhyLANG_ARMENIAN0x2b
AssameseasLANG_ASSAMESE0x4d
Aymaraay
AzerbaijaniazLANG_AZERI0x2c
Bashkirba
BasqueeuLANG_BASQUE0x2d
Bengali (Bangla)bnLANG_BENGALI0x45
Bhutanidz
Biharibh
Bislamabi
Bretonbr
BulgarianbgLANG_BULGARIAN0x02
Burmesemy(no constant defined)0x55
Byelorussian (Belarusian)beLANG_BELARUSIAN0x23
Cambodiankm(no constant defined)0x53
CatalancaLANG_CATALAN0x03
Cherokee(no constant defined)0x5c
Chewa
Chinese (Simplified)zhLANG_CHINESE (SUBLANG_CHINESE_SIMPLIFIED)0x04 (0x0804)
Chinese (Traditional)zhLANG_CHINESE (SUBLANG_CHINESE_TRADITIONAL)0x04 (0x0404)
Corsicanco
CroatianhrLANG_CROATIAN0x1a
CzechcsLANG_CZECH0x05
DanishdaLANG_DANISH0x06
DivehiLANG_DIVEHI0x65
DutchnlLANG_DUTCH0x13
Edo(no constant defined)0x66
EnglishenLANG_ENGLISH0x09
Esperantoeo
EstonianetLANG_ESTONIAN0x25
FaeroesefoLANG_FAEROESE0x38
FarsifaLANG_FARSI0x29
Fijifj
FinnishfiLANG_FINNISH0x0b
FlemishLANG_DUTCH (SUBLANG_DUTCH_BELGIAN)0x13 (0x0813)
FrenchfrLANG_FRENCH0x0c
Frisianfy(no constant defined)0x62
Fulfulde(no constant defined)0x67
GalicianglLANG_GALICIAN0x56
Gaelic (Scottish)gd(no constant defined)0x3c (0x043c)
Gaelic (Manx)gv
GeorgiankaLANG_GEORGIAN0x37
GermandeLANG_GERMAN0x07
GreekelLANG_GREEK0x08
Greenlandickl
Guaranign(no constant defined)0x74
GujaratiguLANG_GUJARATI0x47
Hausaha(no constant defined)0x68
Hawaiian(no constant defined)0x75
Hebrewhe, iw*LANG_HEBREW0x0d
HindihiLANG_HINDI0x39
HungarianhuLANG_HUNGARIAN0x0e
Ibibio(no constant defined)0x69
IcelandicisLANG_ICELANDIC0x0f
Igbo(no constant defined)0x70
Indonesianid, in*LANG_INDONESIAN0x21
Interlinguaia
Interlingueie
Inuktitutiu(no constant defined)0x5d
Inupiakik
Irishga(no constant defined)0x3c (0x083c)
ItalianitLANG_ITALIAN0x10
JapanesejaLANG_JAPANESE0x11
Javanesejv
KannadaknLANG_KANNADA0x4b
Kanuri(no constant defined)0x71
KashmiriksLANG_KASHMIRI0x60
KazakhkkLANG_KAZAK0x3f
Kinyarwanda (Ruanda)rw
KirghizkyLANG_KYRGYZ0x40
Kirundi (Rundi)rn
KonkaniLANG_KONKANI0x57
KoreankoLANG_KOREAN0x12
Kurdishku
Laothianlo(no constant defined)0x54
Latinla(no constant defined)0x76
Latvian (Lettish)lvLANG_LATVIAN0x26
Limburgish ( Limburger)li
Lingalaln
LithuanianltLANG_LITHUANIAN0x27
MacedonianmkLANG_MACEDONIAN0x2f
Malagasymg
MalaymsLANG_MALAY0x3e
MalayalammlLANG_MALAYALAM0x4c
LANG_MANIPURI0x58
Maltesemt(no constant defined)0x3a
Maorimi
MarathimrLANG_MARATHI0x4e
Moldavianmo
MongolianmnLANG_MONGOLIAN0x50
Nauruna
NepalineLANG_NEPALI0x61
NorwegiannoLANG_NORWEGIAN0x14
Occitanoc
OriyaorLANG_ORIYA0x48
Oromo (Afan, Galla)om(no constant defined)0x72
Papiamentu(no constant defined)0x79
Pashto (Pushto)ps(no constant defined)0x63
PolishplLANG_POLISH0x15
PortugueseptLANG_PORTUGUESE0x16
PunjabipaLANG_PUNJABI0x46
Quechuaqu
Rhaeto-Romancerm(no constant defined)0x17
RomanianroLANG_ROMANIAN0x18
RussianruLANG_RUSSIAN0x19
Sami (Lappish)(no constant defined)0x3b
Samoansm
Sangrosg
SanskritsaLANG_SANSKRIT0x4f
SerbiansrLANG_SERBIAN (SUBLANG_SERBIAN_LATIN or SUBLANG_SERBIAN_CYRILLIC)0x1a (0x081a or 0x0c1a)
Serbo-Croatiansh
Sesothost
Setswanatn
Shonasn
SindhisdLANG_SINDHI0x59
Sinhalesesi(no constant defined)0x5b
Siswatiss
SlovakskLANG_SLOVAK0x1b
SlovenianslLANG_SLOVENIAN0x24
Somaliso(no constant defined)0x77
SpanishesLANG_SPANISH0x0a
Sundanesesu
Swahili (Kiswahili)swLANG_SWAHILI0x41
SwedishsvLANG_SWEDISH0x1d
SyriacLANG_SYRIAC0x5a
Tagalogtl(no constant defined)0x64
Tajiktg(no constant defined)0x28
Tamazight(no constant defined)0x5f
TamiltaLANG_TAMIL0x49
TatarttLANG_TATAR0x44
TeluguteLANG_TELUGU0x4a
ThaithLANG_THAI0x1e
Tibetanbo(no constant defined)0x51
Tigrinyati(no constant defined)0x73
Tongato
Tsongats(no constant defined)0x31
TurkishtrLANG_TURKISH0x1f
Turkmentk(no constant defined)0x42
Twitw
Uighurug
UkrainianukLANG_UKRAINIAN0x22
UrduurLANG_URDU0x20
UzbekuzLANG_UZBEK0x43
Venda(no constant defined)0x33
VietnameseviLANG_VIETNAMESE0x2a
Volap?kvo
Welshcy(no constant defined)0x52
Wolofwo
Xhosaxh(no constant defined)0x34
Yi(no constant defined)0x78
Yiddishyi, ji*(no constant defined)0x3d
Yorubayo(no constant defined)0x6a
Zuluzu(no constant defined)0x35

Language Codes: ISO 639, Macintosh

LanguageISO CodeMac NameMac Code
Abkhazianab
Afaraa
AfrikaansaflangAfricaans141
AlbaniansqlangAlbanian36
AmharicamlangAmharic85
ArabicarlangArabic12
ArmenianhylangArmenian51
AssameseaslangAssamese68
AymaraaylangAymara134
AzerbaijaniazlangAzerbaijani(Cyrllic), langAzerbaijanAr(Arabic)49(C), 50(A)
Bashkirba
BasqueeulangBasque129
Bengali (Bangla)bnlangBengali67
BhutanidzlangDzongkha137
Biharibh
Bislamabi
BretonbrlangBreton142
BulgarianbglangBulgarian44
BurmesemylangBurmese77
Byelorussian (Belarusian)belangByelorussian46
CambodiankmlangKhmer78
CatalancalangCatalan130
Cherokee
ChewalangChewa92
Chinese (Simplified)zhlangSimpChinese33
Chinese (Traditional)zhlangTradChinese19
Corsicanco
CroatianhrlangCroatian18
CzechcslangCzech38
DanishdalangDanish7
Divehi
DutchnllangDutch4
Edo
EnglishenlangEnglish0
EsperantoeolangEsperanto94
EstonianetlangEstonian27
FaeroesefolangFaeroese30
FarsifalangFarsi, langPersian31
Fijifj
FinnishfilangFinnish13
FlemishlangFlemish34
FrenchfrlangFrench1
Frisianfy
Fulfulde
GaliciangllangGalician140
Gaelic (Scottish)gdlangScottishGaelic144
Gaelic (Manx)gvlangManxGaelic145
GeorgiankalangGeorgian52
GermandelangGerman2
GreekellangGreek (monotonic), langGreekPoly (polytonic)14(m), 148(p)
Greenlandickl
GuaranignlangGuarani133
GujaratigulangGujarati69
Hausaha
Hawaiian
Hebrewhe, iw*langHebrew10
HindihilangHindi21
HungarianhulangHungarian26
Ibibio
IcelandicislangIcelandic15
Igbo
Indonesianid, in*langIndonesian81
Interlinguaia
Interlingueie
InuktitutiulangInuktitut143
Inupiakik
IrishgalangIrishGaelic (normal), langIrishGaelicScr (dots above)35, 146
ItalianitlangItalian3
JapanesejalangJapanese11
JavanesejvlangJavaneseRom138
KannadaknlangKannada73
Kanuri
KashmirikslangKashmiri61
KazakhkklangKazakh48
Kinyarwanda (Ruanda)rwlangKiryarwanda (langRuanda)90
KirghizkylangKirghiz54
Kirundi (Rundi)rnlangRundi91
Konkani
KoreankolangKorean23
KurdishkulangKurdish60
LaothianlolangLao79
LatinlalangLatin131
Latvian (Lettish)lvlangLatvian28
Limburgish (Limburger)li
Lingalaln
LithuanianltlangLithuanian24
MacedonianmklangMacedonian43
MalagasymglangMalagasy93
MalaymslangMalayRoman(Latin), langMalayArabic(Arabic)83(L), 84(A)
MalayalammllangMalayalam72
LANG_MANIPURI0x58
MaltesemtlangMaltese16
Maorimi
MarathimrlangMarathi66
MoldavianmolangMoldavian53
MongolianmnlangMongolian(Mongolian), langMongolianCyr(Cyrillic)57(M), 58(C)
Nauruna
NepalinelangNepali64
NorwegiannolangNorwegian9
Occitanoc
OriyaorlangOriya71
Oromo (Afan, Galla)omlangOromo (langGalla)87
Papiamentu
Pashto (Pushto)pslangPashto59
PolishpllangPolish25
PortugueseptlangPortuguese8
PunjabipalangPunjabi70
QuechuaqulangQuechua132
Rhaeto-Romancerm
RomanianrolangRomanian37
RussianrulangRussian32
Sami (Lappish)langSami (langLappish)29
Samoansm
Sangrosg
SanskritsalangSanskrit65
SerbiansrlangSerbian42
Serbo-Croatiansh
Sesothost
Setswanatn
Shonasn
SindhisdlangSindhi62
SinhalesesilangSinhalese76
Siswatiss
SlovaksklangSlovak39
SloveniansllangSlovenian40
SomalisolangSomali88
SpanisheslangSpanish6
SundanesesulangSundaneseRom139
Swahili (Kiswahili)swlangSwahili89
SwedishsvlangSwedish5
Syriac
TagalogtllangTagalog82
TajiktglangTajiki55
Tamazight
TamiltalangTamil74
TatarttlangTatar135
TelugutelangTelugu75
ThaithlangThai22
TibetanbolangTibetan63
TigrinyatilangTigrinya86
TongatolangTongan147
Tsongats
TurkishtrlangTurkish17
TurkmentklangTurkmen56
Twitw
UighuruglangUighur136
UkrainianuklangUkrainian45
UrduurlangUrdu20
UzbekuzlangUzbek47
Venda
VietnamesevilangVietnamese80
Volap?kvo
WelshcylangWelsh128
Wolofwo
Xhosaxh
Yi
Yiddishyi, ji*langYiddish41
Yorubayo
Zuluzu

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